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Engineering is one of the most diverse and dynamic degree choices available to students in the UK, offering both theoretical and vocational pathways across a broad range of specialisms. If you're considering pursuing engineering at undergraduate level, understanding the landscape of courses, entry requirements, and long-term career outcomes is essential. In this guide, we draw from expert insights to help prospective students and parents navigate the complex and exciting world of engineering degrees in the UK.

General vs. Applied Engineering Degrees

One of the first decisions prospective engineers must make is whether to pursue a general engineering degree or an applied course.

• General Engineering: Typically structured as a 2+2 model (two years of foundational study followed by two years of specialisation), general engineering degrees provide a broad base of core engineering principles. These are ideal for students who are interested in engineering but are unsure about which specific field they’d like to focus on.
• Applied Engineering: These courses are tailored to particular fields such as civil, aeronautical, chemical, mechanical, materials, or mechatronics from the outset. This route suits students with a clear vision of their future career path.

Applied Engineering Courses

Applied courses vary by university but include:

• Civil Engineering
• Chemical Engineering
• Mechanical or Aeronautical Engineering
• Materials Science with Engineering
• Software Engineering and Mechatronics
• Fire Science and Safety Engineering

Emerging areas such as Robotics, AI, and Bioengineering are increasingly offered as modules or full courses at forward-thinking institutions.

Theoretical vs. Vocational Pathways

UK universities also vary in how they structure their engineering courses:

• Theoretical Courses: Offered by institutions like Oxford and Cambridge, these focus on academic and analytical skills. They’re well-suited for students who may consider careers beyond traditional engineering roles, such as finance or consultancy.
• Vocational Courses: These often include a year in industry, giving students hands-on experience and professional connections. Universities such as Imperial, Loughborough, and Swansea offer strong vocational programmes that prepare students for immediate entry into engineering roles.

Core Subjects and Entry Requirements

Mathematics is the cornerstone of the majority of (although not all) engineering degrees. In many cases, Physics is also essential, particularly for general engineering courses.

• A-level Students: Most top programmes require A-level Maths and Physics. For competitive universities like Cambridge, Further Maths is increasingly expected or required.
• IB Students: A Higher Level in Maths (Analysis and Approaches) is often necessary. Standard Level or Mathematical Studies will not suffice for top-tier engineering courses.
• International Students: UK universities will accept qualifications equivalent to the UK’s A level system from many countries around the world. For students applying from the US, this would include a High School Diploma, plus a combination of SATs, ACTs and APs, typically requiring high performance in relevant subjects (such as Maths and Physics). 
  Once course choice has been established, applicants can check the course’s entry requirements section, or contact the university directly to confirm (in writing) whether a specific qualification will be accepted. 
  For those whose qualifications are not considered equivalent to A-levels, it may be necessary to undertake an Engineering Foundation year before progressing on to the degree. 
  Additionally, some international applicants will be required to prove their English proficiency, most commonly via the IELTS (International English Language Testing System).

Complementary subjects such as Chemistry, Biology, or Computer Science may also be advantageous depending on the engineering specialism.

Some institutions such as Cambridge University, Imperial College and UCL require all applicants to undertake the Engineering and Science Admissions Test (ESAT). This is a computerised multiple-choice test, that assesses students in key areas of Maths and the three sciences. It looks to evaluate both a student’s theoretical understanding, as well as problem solving abilities. The test can be sat once per application cycle in either October or January. Make sure to check the entry criteria for any courses you are considering to see if the test is a requirement. You can read °®ÒºÊÓƵ’s Guide to the ESAT here. 

Example Entry Requirements

Choosing Between Oxford and Cambridge

For applicants considering Oxbridge, both Oxford and Cambridge offer rigorous, theoretical general engineering degrees. Cambridge also provides a separate Chemical Engineering route, while Oxford offers Materials Science.

Though the content is broadly similar, subtle differences in teaching style, research focus, and industrial partnerships may influence your choice. Cambridge is often associated with cutting-edge STEM research and strong industry links, particularly in technology and manufacturing. Oxford, meanwhile, has significant collaborations in materials and aerospace research.

Enhancing Your Application

To strengthen your application:

• Demonstrate Passion: Admissions tutors look for genuine interest. Be ready to discuss books, lectures, or research that excites you.
• Work Experience: Gaining practical experience, even shadowing roles, shows initiative and allows you to feel more confident that this pathway is the right fit for you.
• Supplementary Reading: Publications like New Scientist, Nature, and TED Talks on engineering and innovation are excellent starting points.
• University Websites: Explore course structures, faculty research interests, and recommended pre-reading.

Many companies, particularly in energy, technology, and manufacturing, also offer outreach programs or competitions for students interested in engineering careers.

Conclusion

Choosing an engineering degree is a significant decision that can lead to a broad array of career opportunities. Whether you’re aiming for a prestigious theoretical course at Oxbridge or a hands-on vocational path with industrial placements, the UK offers a range of programmes to suit different goals and academic profiles.

Take the time to research thoroughly, visit departments where possible, and engage deeply with the subject beyond your school curriculum. 

FAQs

What A levels do I need to study Engineering?

A Level Mathematics and Physics are required by most courses. Further Maths is increasingly expected, particularly by top institutions. 

Which UK universities are best for Engineering?

When deciding which university will be the best choice for a student, a variety of factors should be considered such as course content, location and style of campus. 

However, to get a sense of the wider landscape, platforms like  and  offer rankings of General Engineering courses (and other courses) across the UK, giving scores in various categories.

To read more about the relevance of university rankings, and what other considerations you might make instead, do take a look at our Guide to University League Tables. 

ESAT & Application Support

If you’d like personalised support with your Engineering application, °®ÒºÊÓƵ is here to help. Our experienced tutors can assist with ESAT preparation, and our expert Education Consultants offer tailored guidance on selecting the right courses and universities. We also provide strategic support to help you submit the strongest possible application. 

To speak with a member of the team, give our office a call on +44 (0)20 7602 5310 or fill in our contact form.